动名词与现在分词的区别
http://yingyu.yinghuaedu.com 来源:英华教育(青岛)语言中心 发布时间:2014-03-24 10:03:46
动名词与现在分词的区别主要是:1.如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。区别方法是:动名词作定语时,说明...
动名词与现在分词的区别主要是:
1. 如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。区别方法是:动名词作定语时,说明被修饰的名词的用途(可以用"use for +动名词"这个结构代替),它和所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系;现在分词作定语时,表示它所修饰的名词的行为,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系(可以扩展为定语从句)。
E.g.: a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping 一节卧车车厢 (sleeping此处为动名词)
a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping 一个睡着的孩子 (sleeping此处为现在分词)
2. 动名词具有名词的性质:
可以和名次一样有冠词或this、some等形容词; E.g.: A knocking at the door was heard
可以和名次一样有所有格、复数形式;
E.g.: He enjoys reading for reading’s sake, not for scholarship.
He is so busy that I can’t keep track of all his comings and goings.
可以带有所有格已表明动作者。 E.g.: Please excuse my coming late.
3. 如果-ing形式在句中作表语,那么它可能是现在分词,也可能是动名词。区别方法是:如果ing形式相当于一个名词,可以与主语交换位置,它就是动名词。如果-ing形式相当于形容词,不能与主语交换位置,它就是现在分词。
4. “动名词+名词”和“现在分词+名词”的读音不同,前者的重音在“动名词”上(a‘sleeping suit),而后者的重音在“名词”上(a sleeping ‘child)。
5. 动名词用法的特殊情况
① No+动名词——用于简短的禁令或禁律 E.g.: No smoking.
② There is no+-ing(…是不可能的)= It is impossible to ~ = No one can ~(or We cannot ~)
E.g.: There is no telling when lasting peace will come. (谁也不知道永久的和平何时到来)
③ Never (or not) … without + -ing (每次…都…)= whenever
E.g.: He never comes without bringing some present.
④ It goes without saying that (…是不用说的)= It is needless to say that
E.g.: It goes without saying that no animal can live without breathing.
⑤ Do+动名词(做需要若干时间或一再重复的事情)——动名词之前都由the、所有格或some/a little/ much/ a lot of 之类的形容词。
E.g.: Do you do much fishing?
⑥ On (or upon) +-ing (当…,一…就…)=when (or as soon as) +S. + V.
⑦ Of one’s own = -ing (自己…的)=-ed by oneself
E.g.: He showed me a picture of his own painting.
⑧ Make a point of –ing (必定,重视)= make it a point to ~
E.g.: He makes a point of calling on me on New Year’s Day.
⑨ Be on (or upon) the point of –ing (正要)= be just about to ~
6. 如果-ing形式在句中充当状语和补语,那么它一定是现在分词。
如果-ing形式在句中充当主语、宾语、同位语,那么它一定是动名词。